Naruto has a decent number of characters who have done nothing but hone their skills to legendary status over the course of the story. Although not the strongest in anime, characters from Naruto are more than capable of collateral destruction, and raising a planet to dust is certainly something in their power.
While most shinobi have their limits, gods and other mortals who have obtained the powers of gods are definitely capable of destroying a planet.
Hamura Otsutsuki
The brother of the Sage of Six Paths, Hamura Otsutsuki was quite a strong character. Hagoromo often takes most of the praise for defeating Kaguya, but it is important to realize that Hamura was just as influential in the victory.
Like his brother, Hamura doesn't need to rely on sleep, or even food. His fighting stamina is immense, being capable of fighting against Kaguya Otsutsuki for months. Although his exact power hasn't been gauged, he's likely close to his brother, making him capable of destroying a planet at the very least.
Madara Uchiha
Madara is easily one of the strongest characters in the entire series and much of that has to do with him becoming the Jinchūriki of the 10-Tails. Gaining even the Rinne-Sharingan, Madara acquired tremendous power, just a glimpse of which could bring meteors raining from the sky.
Using the Truth Seeking Balls, Madara could very well level a planet, just as Hagoromo is said to have shaped it. Madara possesses enough power to completely destroy a planet and it is evident that he doesn't even need to go all-out to achieve such a feat, given his level of power.
Toneri Otsutsuki
Toneri Otsutsuki is the last known descendant of Hamura Otsutsuki on the moon right now, and during The Last: Naruto the Movie, he displayed some of his immense powers. Thanks to the Otsutsuki blood and the ability to use the Tenseigan Chakra Mode, Toneri could fight against KCM Sage Mode Naruto and even push him in a fight, which is incredible.
Using his Tenseigan powers, he was able to split the moon in half and could've done the same to Earth, given the opportunity. He's one of the few characters who have come close to destroying the planet for good and had Naruto not done that, he was dead set to wipe out the Earth that Hagoromo Otsutsuki created.
Naruto Uzumaki
The protagonist of the series, Naruto Uzumaki is quite easily one of the strongest characters in the verse. Naruto has achieved the powers of the Six Paths Sage Mode over the years and even gained the chakra of the Tailed Beasts. He's only gotten stronger as an adult, gaining enough power to fight Momoshiki Otsutsuki on par, despite having half his chakra stolen from him.
Naruto's powers are certainly comparable to the Gods of the verse and it isn't far fetched to day that he can destroy a planet when Gods weaker than him, such as Kinshiki are capable of achieving this feat.
Sasuke Uchiha
Just like Naruto Uzumaki, Sasuke Uchiha, too, is an incredibly powerful shinobi. He's honed his skills to the point where he's an equal to Naruto Uzumaki in the current storyline in Boruto. Like Naruto, Sasuke is also capable of fighting and defeating the Otsutsuki Gods who can destroy planets at will.
With the powers of the Rinnegan and the immense training that he's gone through, it shouldn't be a problem for Sasuke Uchiha to destroy a planet. In his fight against Kinshiki, he proved to be quite a match for him, despite holding back severely. Against Momoshiki, a drained Sasuke held his own and even managed to overwhelm him at times.
Kinshiki Otsutsuki
Kinshiki is one of the stronger ones of the Otsutsuki clan who made their debut in Boruto: Naruto the Movie. Despite being weaker of the Otsutsuki duo that appeared in the movie, Kinshiki proved to be skilled enough to fight against a suppressed Sasuke Uchiha, which is rather impressive.
It took the combined effort of 3 Kage and Sasuke Uchiha to finally restrain him. Kinshiki's red chakra weapons are known to be his biggest strength and casual slashes from his blades can split apart planets, as mentioned in the official databook.
Momoshiki Otsutsuki
Kinshiki's partner, Momoshiki Otsutsuki was just as powerful as him, if not stronger. Upon consuming Kinshiki, Momoshiki grew tremendously in skill and became capable of taking out the Five Kage with just one hit.
He proved to be a match for Naruto and Sasuke out together, which is yet another feat showing how incredibly powerful he truly was. Momoshiki was several times stronger than Kinshiki and that alone is proof enough that he could destroy planets at will.
Kaguya Otsutsuki
Known to be the strongest character in Naruto, Kaguya Otsutsuki appeared as the final antagonist of the series who stood in Naruto and Sasuke's way. Known as the progenitor of chakra on Earth, Kaguya Otsutsuki's strength was several times greater than that of Madara Uchiha.
Therefore, it wasn't much of a surprise to see that she could, in fact, destroy planets easily. In fact, her Expansive Truth-Seeking Ball could erase an entire space-time itself, as confirmed by Zetsu. Kaguya was truly frightening at full power and she was a force to be reckoned with, even for Naruto and Sasuke.
Isshiki Otsutsuki
Quite possibly the strongest character to appear in Naruto so far, Isshiki Otsutsuki was Kaguya's partner who recently made his appearance in Boruto: Naruto Next Generations. Although his maximum power is yet to be seen, what fans saw was proof enough that he's nothing short of a monster.
Proving to be even stronger than fused Momoshiki, Isshiki could take out both Naruto Uzumaki and Sasuke Uchiha in battle at once, and what's astonishing is that he achieved this feat without receiving even a single serious wound, despite both Naruto and Sasuke being at full power. Such a character is surely strong enough to destroy planets easily.
Hagoromo Otsutsuki
As one of the strongest character, it is easy to see that Hagoromo is someone strong enough to destroy a planet. He was capable of fighting against Kaguya for months and then creating a celestial body in the moon.
All this was done when Hagoromo Otsutsuki wasn't even in his prime. After beating Kaguya, he went on to gain further power by becoming the Jinchūriki of the 10-Tails, quite possibly making him the strongest Naruto character ever.