Christopher Nolan has become one of the most respected filmmakers in the industry, and thanks to his work, he has also built some strong connections with various actors, and one of his frequent collaborators is Michael Caine – and here’s every character he has played in Nolan’s movies so far. It’s not uncommon in the film industry for directors to bring back various actors in each of their projects, whether because they work well together, the character fits the actor, or there’s a strong friendship between them that is ultimately reflected in the final product. Christopher Nolan is no exception, and he already has a long list of frequent collaborators.

Christopher Nolan’s career began with a couple of short films before moving on to his first feature film, Memento, in 2000. Memento is a psychological thriller told in reverse and addressing themes like memory, grief, and perception, through which the audience was introduced to Nolan’s narrative style. Nolan has since explored a variety of stories, most of them rooted in sci-fi, with his most notable works being Inception, Interstellar, and Tenet. Nolan also took time to visit the superhero genre with the Dark Knight trilogy, of which the second entry, The Dark Knight, is widely regarded as the greatest superhero movie of all time. Nolan’s work often addresses themes like time, memory, and identity, and another thing his movies have in common is its actors, as he has various frequent collaborators, including Michael Caine.

Related: Why Warner Bros Losing Christopher Nolan Is Such A Big Deal

Michael Caine has appeared in over 100 movies in his career, which spans over six decades. Caine’s acting debut was an uncredited role in the 1950 British drama Morning Departure, and his big break arrived in the 1960s with movies like Zulu, The Ipcress File, Alfie, The Italian Job, and Battle of Britain. Caine’s first collaboration with Nolan happened in 2005, and he has since appeared in all of his movies, and even though his roles are sometimes minor, his presence can never be ignored. Here’s every Michael Caine character in Christopher Nolan’s movies.

The Dark Knight Trilogy (2005, 2008, 2012)

Alfred quits working for Bruce in The Dark Knight Rises

The first collaboration between Christopher Nolan and Michael Caine was in Batman Begins, the first entry in the Dark Knight trilogy. Released in 2005, Batman Begins tells the origin story of Bruce Wayne (Christian Bale), from the death of his parents when he was a child, to his journey to become Batman and fight crime in Gotham City. Batman Begins introduced villains Ra’s al Ghul (Liam Neeson) and Jonathan Crane/Scarecrow (Cillian Murphy), the latter being the only villain to appear in all three movies. Michael Caine played Alfred Pennyworth, the Waynes' family butler who raised an orphaned Bruce Wayne and stayed by his side for years. Throughout the Dark Knight trilogy, Alfred serves as Bruce’s moral anchor and is always willing to help him when he needs it.

In Batman Begins, after Bruce disappears for seven years traveling the world and training in combat, Wayne Enterprises’ CEO William Earle (Rutger Hauer) declares him dead to take over the company, but his plans are stopped when he learns that Bruce left everything to Alfred. After Bruce returns, Alfred learns of his plans to become a vigilante and encourages him to build a playboy image in order to avoid any suspicion, and he later saves Bruce’s life when Ra’s al Ghul burns Wayne Manor down. In The Dark Knight, Alfred encourages Bruce to continue fighting crime, especially now that the Joker (Heath Ledger) is creating chaos all over Gotham City. Alfred keeps looking after Bruce not only physically but also mentally and emotionally, and decides to burn the letter Rachel Dawes (Maggie Gyllenhaal) left for Bruce in which she told him she intended to marry Harvey Dent (Aaron Eckhart).

Last but not least, in The Dark Knight Rises, Alfred continues to serve Bruce after his retirement from crime-fighting following Rachel’s death, and reveals to Bruce that during his absence, he used to travel to Italy, with the fantasy that one day he would see Bruce there, living a happy life with his family. He later reluctantly helps Bruce resume his role as Batman, but after his first encounter with Bane, he starts to fear he might get himself killed, and resigns in order to dissuade him – however, he then reveals to Bruce the truth about Rachel, and Bruce orders him to leave. After Bruce’s apparent death, a heartbroken Alfred apologizes at Thomas and Martha Wayne’s grave for failing to keep their son safe, and The Dark Knight Rises ends with Alfred returning to his go-to restaurant in Italy, only to find an alive and happy Bruce with Selina Kyle (Anne Hathaway).

Related: What Each Dark Knight Trilogy Movie Really Represents

The Prestige (2006)

John Cutter holding on to a rope and looking intently at something in The Prestige

Michael Caine worked with Christopher Nolan a second time in the mystery thriller The Prestige, based on the 1965 novel of the same name by Christopher Priest. The Prestige follows Robert Angier (Hugh Jackman) and Alfred Borden (Christian Bale), rival magicians in London in the 19th century who are obsessed with creating the best stage illusion, but this “competition” has fatal results. Michael Caine played John Cutter, the stage engineer who works with Angier and Borden, and who after the death of Angier’s wife during a failed escape, keeps working with him while Borden works with a mysterious man named Fallon. Cutter stays by Angier’s side during his quest to become a better illusionist than Borden, and even helps him in some of his darkest plans.

Inception (2010)

Michael Caine sitting behind a desk in Inception

Caine and Nolan’s next collaboration was Inception, one of Nolan’s most popular works. Inception follows a team of professional thieves led by Dom Cobb (Leonardo DiCaprio) who steal information by infiltrating the subconscious of their targets. However, Cobb has a criminal history related to the death of his wife which prevents him from going home to his children, so he takes a seemingly impossible job under the promise of having his criminal history erased. Michael Caine plays Professor Stephen Miles, Cobb’s mentor, Ariadne’s (Elliot Page) college professor, and Cobb’s father-in-law, who had been taking care of his children. Caine’s role is a minor one, appearing briefly throughout the movie including the end, where he accompanies Cobb to his home.

Interstellar (2014)

Michael Caine in Interstellar

Interstellar is an epic sci-fi drama set in a dystopian future where humanity is struggling to survive due to crop blights and dust storms. Interstellar follows a group of astronauts led by Joseph Cooper (Matthew McConaughey) who travel through a wormhole near Saturn in search of a new home for humanity, but this journey is a lot more complex than it seems, and it might not have the desired results. Michael Caine plays Professor John Brand, a high-ranking NASA scientist, Cooper’s mentor, and father of Dr. Amelia Brand (Anne Hathaway), another NASA scientist. Brand is the ideator of plans A and B to ensure humanity's survival, which consist of developing a gravitational propulsion theory to propel settlements into space, and the other involves launching the Endurance spacecraft carrying thousands of human embryos to settle a habitable planet.

Dunkirk (2017)

Dunkirk Scene

Dunkirk is a war movie with an ensemble cast that includes various frequent collaborators of Christopher Nolan. The movie follows soldiers from the British Empire, Belgium, and France as they try to evacuate the town of Dunkirk during a battle with German forces. Michael Caine’s role in Dunkirk was more of a cameo one, and his voice can be heard giving orders over the radio to fighter pilots at the beginning of the movie.

Tenet (2020)

Michael Caine in Tenet

Tenet is a sci-fi movie which, once again, has time as its main concept. It follows a secret agent (John David Washington) who learns to manipulate the flow of time to prevent an attack from the future that threatens to annihilate the present world. Michael Caine played Sir Michael Crosby, a British Intelligence officer who meets The Protagonist to tell him about the Stalsk-12 explosion and more.

Next: Every Unmade Christopher Nolan Movie (& Why They Didn't Happen)