Warning! Spoilers for The Boys television series and comic book below.
Compound V has transformed The Boys into temporary superheroes, but in the comics, the powerful super-serum that Hughie and Billy Butcher take has an entirely different advantage. While temporary Compound V has been revealed to have deadly long-term effects on its user in The Boys streaming series, in the stories that inspired the show, the drug actually has the opposite effect. Instead, it increases the lifespan of whoever takes it.
In The Boys comics and television series, some of the most powerful Supes in the universe gained their powers through Compound V. The super-serum, developed by Nazi-geneticist Frederick Vought, gave normal humans incredible abilities and created the age of superheroes. In the show, during the 1940s, Soldier Boy was given one of the first doses of Compound V, making him a powerful and deadly American hero. His powers were later passed on genetically through his son, Homelander. To fight back against the Supes, Hughie and Butcher gained their own powers by taking Compound V - but instead of the powerful serum taking years off their lives like in the show, it extended their lives in the original story.
In The Boys #52 by Garth Ennis, Darick Robertson, John McRea, Keith Burns, Simon Bowland, and Tony Avina, Hughie pays a visit to Greg Mallory, who initially led The Boys and recruited Billy Butcher to the team. While the two discuss the history of The Boys squad, Mallory reveals that despite looking like a middle-aged man, he's actually 91 years old. Furthermore, Mallory tells a shocked Hughie that while using Compound V doesn't make him eternal, the serum does come with a long-term advantage, as it will add years to his life.
The life-extending advantage of the Compound V means that Hughie, Butcher, and others taking the serum not only gave them powers but slowed down their natural aging cycle. Mallory even tells Hughie that he won't even look his age until the very end of his life but will "only feel it." It's quite the contrast with how Compound V affected The Boys in the live-action streaming series, as taking the serum shortened, not extended, the lives of those who abused it - leading Butcher to only have months to live.
In the end, Compound V works very differently in the comic and live-action universes of The Boys. In the comics, it adds years to the lives of whoever takes it, as Hughie will live a much longer life after Butcher injected the serum in him against his will. However, in the show, it's a death wish, as Butcher unfortunately finds out. Ultimately, the advantage of taking the serum has totally different meanings in the two main versions of The Boys.